问题：疟疾
Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. [1] It’s a widespread and deadly disease concentrated in equatorial regions, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa, where 93% of malaria-related deaths occur. [2]
Each year, over 200 million people become infected with malaria — and 435,000 die. [3] Over 60% of these deaths are children under five years old, making malaria one of the leading causes of child mortality in Africa. [4]. Even when non-fatal, malaria can damage children’s cognitive development. Pregnant women are also highly vulnerable, with the health of both mother and unborn child at risk. [5]
Malaria is a significant financial drain on both households and countries. It’s estimated to cost Africa US$12 billion every year in direct costs of health care, absenteeism, days lost in education, decreased productivity, and loss of investment and tourism. [6] A 50% reduction in global malaria incidence is estimated to produce $36 in economic benefits for every $1 invested globally, with an even greater estimated return on investment of 60:1 in sub-Saharan Africa. [7]
解决方案：长效杀虫蚊帐——也称为 LLINs
Malaria is spread by mosquitoes at night while people are sleeping. When LLINs are hung over beds and sleeping spaces, mosquitoes land, pick up insecticide on their feet, and die. This is a hugely effective intervention. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) confirms LLINs have been associated with sharp decreases in malaria in countries where malaria programs have achieved high LLIN coverage [8], and the World Health Organization says that “insecticide-treated mosquito nets are currently the only viable option to prevent malaria transmission in large parts of Africa.” [9]
— World Health Organization
A significant number of studies, including randomized controlled trials, have demonstrated and quantified the effectiveness of LLINs. We know that malaria can be brought under control and infection rates kept low long-term when LLINs are effectively distributed over the course of a decade in malarious areas. Eradication is possible — and is occurring! In fact, Sri Lanka was declared malaria-free in 2017 after three years of no native cases of malaria [10].
抗疟基金会如何运作
与传统的蚊帐分发者不同，AMF 特别注意负责任地分发蚊帐，使用家庭级数据确保蚊帐到达受益人公平。 AMF 审查受疟疾影响国家卫生部的蚊帐请求，以确定疟疾负担高的地方、是否存在资金缺口以及蚊帐最有效的地方。
然后他们（通常）购买数百万蚊帐并与国家卫生系统和其他业务合作伙伴合作，以确保蚊帐按预期到达其受益人手中。 AMF 的 LLIN 只需 2 美元，可为两人提供长达三年的保护。 AMF 的工作实现了“全民覆盖”，即一个社区或地区的所有睡眠区都被覆盖。这是减少疟疾的最有效方法。
Post-distribution, AMF tracks net presence, use, and condition for three years by making unannounced visits to a randomly selected 1.5% of recipient households. They also track malaria rates. In 2014, AMF introduced smartphone technology in place of paper-based data collection to make monitoring even more cost-effective and accurate. [11]
